Nokia recognizes the risk that the illegal extraction and trading of conflict minerals may cause human. This list may change since conflict minerals are also any mineral or its derivatives that the u. W, in the form of the dominant ore mineral wolframite fe,mnwo4. This mineral can be found in the restless earth gallery, on level 3 of the national museum of scotland.
Supply chains of minerals from conflictaffected and highrisk areas. In 2002, the msa council established an editorial office, headed by dick bideaux, for the purpose of updating and maintaining the mineral database of the handbook of mineralogy and to continue converting the text files to pdf files for online access through the msa website after dick bideauxs untimely death in 2004 the msa council organized an editorial committee in 2006 headed by frank. Wolframite fe,mnwo 4 is the most important ore mineral for tungsten and is subject to artisanal mining in central africa. Conflict minerals policy vf corporation in 2012, the u. The most important ore source of molybdenum is the mineral molybdenite. Blades of wolframite run throughout the quartz matrix. Address midwest tungsten service, 540 executive drive, willowbrook, il 60527 hours mon fri 8. Wolframite, another name for the hubneriteferberite series of manganeseiron tungstates, is perhaps the most important ore of tungsten. The most important tungsten minerals are the wolframite solid solution series fe,mnwo4 and scheelite cawo4. Columbite, also called niobite, niobitetantalite and columbate fe, mnnb 2 o 6, is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. Molybdenum commonly is recovered as a byproduct or coproduct from copper mining. Conflict minerals are defined as columbitetantalite, cassiterite, gold, wolframite, and their derivatives tantalum, tin, and tungsten. Heavy minerals are traded globally as bulk and bagged minerals.
Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. Dear valued customer, the united states has enacted legislation known as the doddfrank wall street reform and consumer protection act. Under the doddfrank act of 2010, public companies are required to disclose measures they have taken to identify the source of conflict minerals in the products they manufacture or contract to manufacture the conflict minerals. The cement and steel plants also were privately owned. It is important to note that the law does not prohibit the use of conflict minerals in products it merely invokes certain reporting. Wolframite is a comparatively rare mineral, and is normally found usually with cassiterite and associated also with scheelite, bismuth, quartz, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, etc.
Minerals generally consist of cassiterite, columbitetantalite, wolframite andor gold subject minerals determined to be in the democratic republic of the congo drc or adjoining countries. Minerals in the quartz and pegmatite veins, but rarely more than two together at one place are. It forms outstanding crystals and aggregates in a vibrant color that few minerals can match. Wolframite mineral information photos and facts, tungsten ore.
Conflict minerals contract provision all bc suppliers shall disclose any conflict minerals as such term is defined below used in the production of any product subject to this agreement, and, in the event such materials are used, shall submit, as applicable, either i its report filed with the security and exchange commission under. Descriptions given below of mineral districts in the slate belt indicate that granite. These minerals have a structure, unlike that of the other tungstates, based on wo 6 octahedra i. A good example of the vein work mineralization of cornwall. Aside from the detachment point at the opposite end there is virtually no damage.
Greisen are particularly abundant at the margins of wolframbearing quartz. The group of heavy minerals described includes ilmenite and leucoxene, rutile, zircon, monazite and xenotime. Unpublished report for gold fields exploration pty ltd, mt lyell mining and railway co ltd, rgc exploration pty ltd. In this study, we present the first laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spect. We support these requirements to further the humanitarian goal of ending violent conflict in the drc and in surrounding countries, which has been partially financed by the exploitation and trade of conflict minerals. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Escobar c, ciddresdner h, kittl p, dumler i, american mineralogist, 56 1971 p. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 2. The stibnite and wolframite deposits of that area are typical of the sbw. Wolframite tungsten trioxide is associated with quartz, bismuth, scheelite, cassiterite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Crystals of wolframite in quartz piece of raw wolframite tungsten ore stone on white macro of a stone wolframite mineral quartz fluorite on a white background raw wolframite stone tungsten ore on dark metal ore wolframite hubnerite from peru. Huebnerite is the manganeserich end member, and ferberite is the ironrich end member.
We expect our suppliers to establish and maintain a publicly available policy in responsible mineral sourcing and conduct the due diligence to their own supply chain consistent with oecd guidance. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. The name wolframite comes from the german words wolf rahm meaning wolf cream. Wolframite is not scientifically classified as an individual mineral species by the ima. It is found in fine crystals from schlaggenwald, bohemia, and in the various tin districts of saxony and cornwall.
Associated minerals include cassiterite, scheelite, bismuth, quartz. This and many more mineral specimens are available for sale at dakota matrix minerals. It has a submetallic luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. In july of 2010, the united states congress passed legislation section 1502 of the doddfrank wall street reform and consumer protection act requiring companies to report the use of conflict minerals. It forms a series with the tantalumdominant analogue ferrotantalite and one. United states steel corporation 2019 statement on conflict. Analytical fingerprint of wolframite ore concentrates. Describes a deposit of scheelite part of which is replaced by wolframite in. Pdf wolframitestibnite mineral assemblages from rizana. Conflict minerals definition the term conflict minerals is defined as columbitetantalite, also known as coltan from which tantalum is derived. The mineral, wolframite, is a principal ore of tungsten. Mineral specimen wulfenite crystals orange red stone. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Conflict minerals, as defined by the us legislation, currently include the metals tantalum, tin, tungsten and gold, which are the derivatives of the minerals cassiterite, columbitetantalite and wolframite, respectively.
Wolframite is actually a series between these two minerals. The term conflict minerals means gold, columbitetantalite coltan, cassiterite, wolframite, or their derivatives tantalum, tin, tungsten originating from the drc or its adjoining countries the. Wolframite series minerals often occur in tungsten deposits and other hydrothermal ore deposits. The economics of the various heavy minerals is the subject of this monograph. Minerals of the wolframite group form a complete solid solution series between the two endmembers, ferberite, fewor, and huebnerite, mnwon. The prospects for hardrock gold and tin deposits in malaysia yeap ee beng department of geology, university of malaya, 50603 kuala lumpur, malaysia abstract tin and gold mineralization in peninsular malaysia is found as distinctive parallel belts, which are apparently related to the structures and the tectonic setting of this region. The prospects for hardrock gold and tin deposits in malaysia. Because of its relatively high u content from several to hundreds of ppm, wolframite has shown potential for upb dating. Nokia conflict minerals policy builds on the nokia code of conduct, and describes further our commitment and our requirements towards socially and environmentally responsible sourcing of conflict minerals1 for our products. Tungsten w, one of the elements in wolframite, is used to make the speakers and microphones in mobile phones. Along with scheelite, the wolframite series are the most important tungsten ore minerals.
An alteration product of tungsten minerals, especially wolframite and ferberite, in. Economic heavy mineral deposits are mainly located in tropical and subtropical countries. Kp1, which produced natural gas, was a stateowned company. Wolframite is found in quartz veins and pegmatites associated with granitic intrusives. Molybdenum was discovered by carl wilhelm scheele in 1778, and was isolated and named by peter jacob hjelm in 1781.
However, it is universally recognized as a mineral series, with the minerals huebnerite and ferberite being its end members. Securities and exchange commission sec adopted rules intended to address the exploitation and trade of conflict minerals by armed groups to finance violent conflict in the democratic republic of congo and neighboring countries in africa the drc region. Wolframite is not actually considered a unique mineral, but as a part of a mineral series, which includes huebnerite manganeserich and ferberite ironrich. Downstream companies often refer to the derivatives of these minerals. This legislation seeks, in part, to reduce the violence in the democratic republic of the congo by limiting or eliminating sources of income for armed groups. Mineralogy and genesis of the wolframite ore deposits. Occurs in hightemperature hydrothermal veins, in greisen, granitic pegmatites. The goal of this policy is to ensure that teslas products do not directly or indirectly finance or benefit armed groups through mining or mineral trading in the drc or any adjoining countries. This mineral group was first found in haddam, connecticut, in the united states. Navistar is committed to complying with the requirements of the sec rules. Conflict minerals provision 00002481 boston college. The hf ratio as an indicator of contrasted wolframite. For the purposes of this policy, amd uses the definition of conflict minerals found in the sec conflict minerals rule. Mineralogy and trace element chemistry of ferberite.
Steel shares the concerns of congress and the international business community that profits from the mining of cassiterite, columbitetantalite, gold, wolframite and their derivatives tin, tantalum and tungsten conflict minerals in the democratic republic. Secretary of state has the authority to add other minerals or derivatives in the future. Responsible sourcing of conflict minerals conflict minerals include gold, cassiterite, columbite tantalite or coltan, wolframite, and their derivatives such as tin, tantalum, and tungsten, regardless of where they are sourced, processed, or sold. In the current study it is investigated the possibility of use of wolframite and stibnite ore from lachanas area, northern greece, as flux agent in the production of cement.
Secretary of state determines are financing conflict in the drc or its adjoining countries. It is monoclinic, with tabular crystals, has a hardness of 5 to 5. Structure of the mineral industry privately owned companies, cooperatives, and artisanal miners produced cassiterite, columbitetantalite, crushed stone, gemstones, gold, peat, and wolframite. Wolframite black, thick tabular crystals to over 3cm. In 2002, the msa council established an editorial office, headed by dick bideaux, for the purpose of updating and maintaining the mineral database of the handbook of mineralogy and to continue converting the text files to pdf files for online access through the msa website after dick bideauxs untimely death in 2004 the msa council organized an editorial committee in 2006. Wulfenite forms a series with the rarer mineral stolzite, which contains tungsten in place of the molybdenum. The act defines conflict minerals as tin derived from cassiterite, tantalum derived from columbitetantalite, tungsten derived from wolframite and gold.
An examination of base, and precious metal, and lithophile element mineralization in new south wales and tasmania australia. This page was last edited on 5 january 2019, at 20. The group is terminated with several parallel crystals with fine terminations. Wolframite sits closer to the middle of the series, as its manganese and iron content are generally more equal. The legislative framework for the petroleum sector is provided by the mining and petroleum act of 1976. The long axis of the group is somewhat curved when viewing from the side. It is an important tungsten ore mineral with china having 60 percent of the worlds resource.
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